Individual Assignment: Section 3

Nowadays the bicycle plays an important role in society because it is a kind of transportation for humans to enjoy their journey for many things in the city, from home to work or doing exercises and racing, so I think that the bicycles was a good thing happened to the humanity.

Individual Assignment: Section 2

The development of the bicycle continued apace until they invented the first safety bicycle which helped the rider to move around in safely. They design it by putting the pedals on the middle and attaching a crank to the back wheel. This gave more control and so more safety for the rider’s .From that time until now the bicycle has remained in a similar style of design, but they added some new components like speed control, which helps it to go faster like a racing bicycle. (Mary Bellis).

Bicycle riding is a lot of fun, but accidents do happen. The safest way to use your bicycle is for transportation, not for play. Every year a lot of children go to the emergency department because of injuries they receive and at least some of these are serious injuries that require a few days in the hospital. Some of these injuries are so serious that children die, usually from head injuries. That’s why the safety of bicycles is paramount and designs are to prevent accidents and injuries caused by using them. So it is important to use the safety equipment such a bell or light, light clothes or a helmet at night to minimize this danger. Elbow pads and knee pads are additional assists that may be used bicycle riding.

Individual Assignment: Bibliography

1860s, t. e., & Michaux, t. b. (n.d.). History of the bicycle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved March 15, 2012, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_bicycle

1870. (n.d.). History of Bike. BiKyle Home. Retrieved March 15, 2012, from http://www.bikyle.com/history_of_bike.htm

Bellis, � (n.d.). History of the Bicycle. Inventors. Retrieved March 15, 2012, from http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors

History Timeline of the Bicycle. (n.d.). Pedaling History Bicycle Museum. Retrieved March 15, 2012, from http://www.pedalinghistory.com/PHhistory

Individual Assignment: Section 1

There are several theories about the bicycle about when and where the first model was invented. There was a sketch from a student of Leonardo da Vinci and also there was another in France, which had two wheels with a wooden frame and without any steering direction control. (Wikipedia,2012)

The first bicycle that was invented was the “Running Machine” by a German inventor. The inventor created this idea when he saw the starvation and death of horses caused by crop failure. So he invented an alternative means of transport instead of horses, which depended on pushing the riders’ feet against the ground to make it go forward. After that there was another development of the bicycle which was (tricycles) and (quadracycle) which had three or four wheels. This design had pedals, hand cranks and treadles but suffered from a high weight and high rolling resistance. (G. Donald Adams, 1997).

The first bicycle with a rear-wheel design using mid-treadles connected by rods to a rear crank was believed to be built in 1839. Then they designed another one which had pedals connected to the front wheel, which made it easier for the riders to increase speed. But also it had a negative point because the high speed affected the riders which caused a loss of control. Then there was another model invented which was a high-wheel bicycle. The design of it had pedals attached directly to the front wheel. Also they used solid rubber and long spokes in the front wheel tires which helped the bicycle to be smooth. Also the high-wheel helped to go a long distance because of the big rotation. However, there was some danger for the rider when they used it. For example, it could drop the rider on his head if he had a sudden stopped on a stone. (G. Donald Adams, 1997).

Carbon

Carbon emissions increased in the last 30 years especially in the Middle East and North Africa. Carbon emission is created by the people who are using fuel to produce electricity and power their cars or using energy.

There are many levels of carbon emission especially in the Middle East and North Africa. It also depends on how developed oil-rich countries are because it is related to industrial output more than the other poor countries. There is an estimation that the Arabian Gulf countries are on top of the list globally because of the inefficiency in the other countries.

The environment agency-Abu Dhabi has launched a project to analyze the Emirates’ emissions so the government can develop strategies and build areas that absorbs gases and monitors the level of emissions.

Solar Energy Plant

Gemasolar is a solar plant which is a joint venture by Masdar of Abu Dhabi and the Spanish engineering Company Sener. The idea behind this plant is to produce heat energy from the sun by using mirrors.

The mirrors reflect the sun rays and heat salt which becomes liquid and transfer the heat to the receiver technology. So the salt is pumped to the tower from storage tank to power up a steam turbine to produce electricity.

Produce around 110 gigawatt per hour. It is scheduled to heat thousands of homes. So the challenge is to maximize the plant output and storage the energy from the sun for use when needed.

The mirrors are very big so they have a control room to keep them following the sun.

The plant is state of the art and very exciting for the future of the green energy.

The science behind Masdar's Spanish solar solution - The National. (n.d.). Latest and breaking news | thenational.ae - The National. Retrieved February 20, 2012, fromhttp://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/the-science-behind-masdars-spanish-solar-solution

Khalid Mohammed Omar 200307108

Rashid Mohammed Alzahmi H00235087
Haitham Ali H00234745